Versuche mit env.

env.yml

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+- hosts: "{{ target }}"
+  gather_facts: false
+  remote_user: pi
+  roles:
+    - env
+

roles/env/tasks/main.yml

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+- name: Setze stage von Umgebungsvariablen
+  set_fact:
+    stage: "{{ lookup('env', 'stage') }}"
+    user: "{{ lookup('env', 'user') }}"
+
+- name: Zeige stage aus ENV und aus Ansible-Variablen
+  debug:
+    msg:
+      - "ENV: {{ lookup('env', 'stage') }}"
+      - "ENV: {{ lookup('env', 'user') }}"
+      - "VAR: {{ stage | default('Nicht gesetzt') }}"
+

vars-develop.ini

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+stage='develop'
+user='dev_user'
+
+
+

vars-production.ini

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+stage='production'
+user='prod_user'
+
+
+

vars.sh

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+
+set -a
+source ${1}
+set +a
+
+ansible-playbook -e="target=localhost" env.yml